Online Billing System Essay

POS, Inventory System, Networking and Web Based System are one of the most valuable frameworks for the organization. These days, due to our innovations it’s simple to move the distinctive data in various part of organization with the assistance of our PCs and furthermore the framework. Practically all organizations utilize a POS procedure. There are numerous purposes behind this. Numerous organizations have various areas. POS can assist with mechanizing exchanges and it can records all the deals in the association or we can say it can utilize it to make exchange simpler. Each representative can likewise observe all the exchange that has been made. Stock System can be utilized for value-based updates or it can see all the accessible stocks and show unavailable items or things. Stock System can have numerous preferences and are reasonable in accessibility and show the all through stocks items. Networking’s as a rule use to associate the POS and Inventory framework to all parts of the CreamlineDairy Corporation. Online System has numerous points of interest and is ideal in POS, stock and systems administration especially advising your remarkable deal. The organization have been experiencing some issue as far as no connection station and fundamental plant. They need to associate with the other branch, or we can say they need to see their retail location and stock framework to their whole branch. The reason for our framework is to let each part of Creamline be refreshed to the exchanges of offer by the assistance of systems administration. The create framework will be an extraordinary assistance to the representative obviously for the supervisor regardless of whether they are not in the association. Creamline Dairy Corporation situated at Unit 701 Prestige tower apartment suite, F. Ortigas Jr. Ave.(Fromely Emerald Ave.), Ortigas Center Pasig City 1605 Philippines.Creamline’s plant and administrative center is situated at Bldg. 5210, C.M. Recto Highway, Clark FreeportZone, Pampangga.

Case 33 †the Casino Industry in 2011

Case 33 †The Casino Industry in 2011 Brant Davis Problem Summary The Las Vegas and Atlantic City areas have lost incomes as of late. Notwithstanding the monetary log jam, these betting areas are likewise confronting new rivals in the market that are giving appealing decisions to the clients. In spite of the fact that there are some outside powers outside their ability to control, it appears that engaging quality and availability are significant center regions for these urban communities. Examination Using the SWOT investigation, we can get a wide image of the Las Vegas and Atlantic City locations.Some of the qualities of these two urban communities are; the assortment of amusement they offer, the facilities accessible, the environment conveyed, and giving a benchmark of value administration expected by the clients. Shortcomings of Las Vegas and Atlantic City are that they can be intensely influenced by changes in the economy and the rising quantities of contenders. As the quanti ty of contenders rise, Las Vegas and Atlantic City have lost a portion of their business to places that are just nearer to the clients home.This has opened up certain open doors for these gambling club mammoths to make their areas increasingly alluring and available to the clients and take back a portion of the lost business. Probably the biggest danger to Las Vegas and Atlantic City areas is that it is getting a lot simpler for the clients to bet without going far. Actually, presently the clients can bet online right from their homes. Choices There are a few approaches these urban communities can take to develop. The first is make it significantly simpler to get to their locations.There were times in the past when Las Vegas and Atlantic City used to essentially get the client and bring them into town. On the off chance that it was simpler for the clients to contact them, they may reclaim a portion of the business lost to progressively nearby club. The drawback to that obviously is the expense of movement would then be moved to the gambling club urban areas. The genuine bet here is that there are consistently individuals simply searching for a free excursion, and simply bringing them into town doesn’t ensure that they will spend a great deal while remaining there.Another elective is that Las Vegas and Atlantic City could both spotlight their endeavors on the Legislation that has been shielding betting from being lawful on the web. In spite of the fact that this would require a ton of utilized lobbyists, legal advisors, and Politians to agree with them. The con to that game plan would that it is difficult to corner the online market so late in the game. At long last, Las Vegas and Atlantic City could concentrate on what it can offer to the clients that different areas don’t. RecommendationsThough betting is such a significant piece of their income, they should concentrate much more on getting the client for the encounters that can’t be foun d anyplace else. This would require significantly more promotions that offer accentuation to the highlights of the city, and not simply the gambling machines. In spite of the fact that the retro rebranding of Las Vegas as â€Å"Sin City† appeared the fair move, they have to make it the spot for anybody to come and appreciate. Since Atlantic City has such a large number of individuals inside driving separation, they should concentrate more on getting families and acquiring them as well.Often a family will go on just one significant excursion for every year. Why not have that area be a city that simply happens to have betting. Moreover, MGM Mirage ought to be the banner gambling club for income. Las Vegas and Atlantic City need to escape from the focal point of betting and make themselves the diversion capitals of the east and west drifts. They have to publicize their urban areas as the spots for individuals to get away and experience something that can’t be seen at home .They additionally need to bait in individuals with limits and free complimentary advantages so when the clients show up, they can legitimize burning through cash on the diversion. At last, they have to have tolerance while remaining forceful. The economy will undoubtedly improve, however they can’t simply toss cash into new structures that individuals won’t travel to. They should slow a portion of the development for the following not many years and spotlight on promoting what they bring to the table. Clients shouldn’t need to find out pretty much all the extraordinary stuff by showing up there, they ought to go there due to all the incredible stuff they have just found out about.

Research Methodology And The Garch Type Model Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

This chapter introduces the research design which has been used for the completion of this research work. Research methodology is the most important aspect of a research as it regulates the flow of emulation. A research design should be selected carefully because it helps in many important steps of a research mainly that of collecting data and its analysis. Research methodologies are advantageous and at the same time have some limitations, which must be carefully focused and understood by the researchers. In this chapter, the methods used for data collection and the data type will be looked upon, as well as the calculations that might have been applied to this type of data. This chapter will also examine the GARCH type models, and the reasons for choosing this model over other available ones. 3.4 GARCH Model: For the purpose of this research, GARCH model is being used for asymmetric distinction between positive and negative shocks. GARCH is a volatility based model introduced by Bollerslev in the year of 1989. This model is being widely used for reversion and conational volatility. GARCH model helps in appointing a symmetric response of volatility to positive and negative shocks. A number of extensions have been made in the GARCH model from the time it had been developed. GARCH-type models are the most appropriate for series which do not have constant error terms and for classic regression model which are not likely to be satisfied when working with financial type of data. GARCH models are able to account for auto correlated volatility clustering in the financial data. The limitation of GARCH model is that it does not allow any feedback for conditional variance and conditional mean (Brooks 2008). The approach to the present study is quantitative in nature; that involves collection of numerical data from reliable sources and then applying GARCH Model for assessing stock sensitivity to changes in the foreign exchange rates and interest rates. The GARCH model was preferred over the ARCH models because according to Brooks (2002), the former is more of a complete model and thereby avoids over fitting, as the current conditional variance can be influenced by an infinite number of past squared errors. In addition, the GARCH-type models are less likely to breach non-negativity constrains. Though GARCH-type models are more appropriate for the type of data and estimations in this research, when compared to traditional linear regression or ARCH models, they do have a few restrictions as well. A concept of symmetric response to shocks, contradicts a theory of leverage effects which suggests that a negative shock is more likely to have a greater impact on volatility as opposed to the positive shock of the similar size. 3.6.1 Descriptive Statistics The descriptive statistics is very important as it gives a number of statistical information about the data. Descriptive statistics are simply used to describe the sample that one is concerned with. They are used in the first instance to get a feel of the data; in the second, for the use in statistical tests; and in the third, to indicate the error associated with results and graphical output. 3.6.1.1 Testing the Significance of the Mean The mean is the average value of the series which is obtained by adding up the series and dividing by the number of observations. The standard deviation (Std. Dev.) is a measure of the dispersion of the series. The Standard deviation is calculated as †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (1) Where n is the number of observations, is the i-th observations and y is the mean of the series. Regarding the mean test, it is defined as the mean of the series, y which is equal to zero with the null hypothesis. 3.6.1.2 Skewness Skewness is a measure of symmetry, or more precisely, the lack of symmetry. A distribution, or data set, is symmetric if it looks the same to the left and right from the center point. The skewness value can be positive or negative, or even undefined. It is the extent to which the distribution is asymmetric. The equation of a series is calculated by using E-views as: S= 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (2) Where is an estimator for the standard deviation that is based on the biased estimator for the variance, and can be expressed as = for the normal distribution or any other symmetric distribution, the skewness is either negative or positive. Positive skewness means that the distribution has skewed to the right. A positive skewed distribution differs from the log- normal distribution; that the bank price changes will increase by a larger amount than the log-normal distribution. Negative skewness means that the distribution is skewed to the left. 3.6.1.3 Kurtosis Kurtosis is a measure of whether the data are peaked or flat relative to a normal distribution, that is; the data sets with high kurtosis tend to have a distinct peak near the mean, decline rather rapidly, and have heavy tails. Data sets with low kurtosis tend to have a flat top near the mean rather than a sharp peak. A uniform distribution would be the extreme case. Measuring kurtosis of the series enables to capture another possible factor away from normality. Kurtosis can be calculated as: K=4 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (3) Where , is the standard deviation, i based on the biased estimator for the variance. A normal distribution has a kurtosis of 3. Compared with the normal, if the kurtosis is larger than 3, the distribution is peaked, with larger probability of values close to or far away from the mean. If the number is smaller than 3, the distribution is flatter than the normal distribution, with larger probability of values intermediately distant from the mean. 3.6.1.4 Jarque-Bera Statistic The Jarque-bera  is a  goodness of fit  measure of departure from  normality, based on the sample  kurtosis  and  skewness. Jarque-Bera is a statistic test for measuring the returns that are normally distributed within the null hypothesis. The test measures the difference of the skewness and kurtosis of the series and compares it with those from the normal distribution. Jarque-Bera is defined as {} †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (4) Where k is the number of estimated coefficients used to create the series and N is the number of observations. Under the null hypothesis of a normal distribution, the Jarque-Bera statistic has an asymptotic chi-squared or X2 distribution and two degree of freedom. 3.7 Data Collection The data collected for this study is taken from all the leading banks in the US and is adjusted to remove discrepancies related to the no-existence of data and holidays. The reason for taking daily data instead of monthly data, is that it would allow much better reflection of the movements in the FX rate and the interest rate and thus the results are expected to be more accurate and complete. The data is obtained for 60 banks operating in US and sampling is done to ensure that all three categories of banks including Money Centered Banks, Large Banks and Regional Banks have fair representation in the sample data. The data collected is for a period of 10 years starting from January 1st 2000 to 31st December 2010. The stock prices are adjusted for dividends so as to avoid a systematic bias in relation to ex-dividend days. The  data collected comprises of US index- trade weighted exchange rate, US 3-month Treasury bill  rates, US total market  price index  and share  pr ices  for US banks.  For the US market, the FX rate is dollar trade weighted exchange rate, provided by the Bank of England. The interest rate is the rate used in daily returns of US three-month treasury bills. US total stock market index calculated by Datastream are employed as US market return indexes. For the estimation purposes several modifications are applied on the data in order to stabilize the variance and to induce stationary. The data was transformed to natural logarithms. The value of 3-month logarithms were calculated as In(1+it/100). It was further required to compute first differences due to the series in natural logarithms being non-stationary. Consequently, the changes of interest rate is computed as ?= In(/100+1) In(/100+1). For any other time series, the transformation = In(Yt)- In(Yt-1) is used. The stationary of the series is important when applying statistical regression models as non-stationary series may lead to biased estimates. 3.8 Model Specification To measure the interest rate sensitivity and the foreign exchange rate sensitivity, we use the following equation ?Pi,t = a0,i + ?0,i?Xt + ?0,i?It + ?0,i?M + ?i,t.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (5) Here, ? denotes the difference operator (log changes).Pi,t which is the ith stock price at time t. This variable is assumed to capture all financial and economical factors that are specific to the bank iMt , which is the price of the all-share market index which is considered to reflect economy-wide factors; It denotes a risk-free interest rate or bond index; and Xt denotes an foreign exchange rate or foreign exchange index. In Equation (5), a0,t is the intercept term while ?i,t is a white noise error term that is assumed to follow the iid condition. Equation (5) is an extension of Sharpes single index model which assumes the relationship between any two securities, that is completely explained by their relationship to the market index. So the covari ance among securities returns should be zero once the market influence has been removed. Equation (5) is also consistent with Mertons (1973) inter-temporal asset pricing model (Joseph and Vezos 2006).

Todays Education Has Changed Over Time - 1161 Words

Introduction: Todays education has changed in many ways over the years. From the behavior of student’s caused by different parenting skills, how teachers teach their classes as well as students ability to use fundamentals, media and technology all play a role in how the world of education has evolved. Robin Lawrence a thirteen year veteran teacher now a curriculum specialist at Bellaire Elementary has a good insight into how the educational system has changed over time. Transition: N/A Paragraph One: Past and present generation behavior Topic Sentence: Past and present behavior has differed between the generations. Transition: Main Point One: Behavior in the past was much better. Past generations did not have adult problems placed on†¦show more content†¦Poor/ lack of parenting has been a major factor in poor behavior.† Supporting Detail Three: She also added that as a teacher poor behavior affects the whole class. â€Å"It takes time away from the instruction and learning away from other students.† (Lawrence) Conclusion: From past to present generations parenting and behavior have gone together. If the child has strong parents then their behavior will be excellent and their education will prosper. If they have a lack of parenting in their life than their behavior takes a downward turn and their education will suffer. Transition: Paragraph Two: How teachers taught their classes as well as student’s ability to use the fundamentals. Topic Sentence: The way that teachers taught their classes in the past is different then present day, but not just the way that teacher teaches has changed the ability of student’s using the fundamentals has changed as well. Transition: Major point One: Teachers in the past had different curriculum standard as well as different methods of teaching. Supporting Detail One: Mrs. Lawrence said when she was in school, â€Å"Teachers did not have a set of curriculum standards that they were bound to. Rote memorization was key. Students were fed Knowledge from teachers. Teachers used thematic units to teach content.† Supporting Detail Two: The one thing that remains the same is that students

The Salem Witch Trials Essay - 1636 Words

The Salem Witch Trials Donnell Campbell Throughout history millions of people have been scorned, accused, arrested, tortured, put to trial and, persecuted as witches. One would think that by the time the United States was colonized, these injustices on humanity would have come to an end, but that was not so. In 1692 a major tragedy occurred in America, the Salem witch trials. It all began when a group of girls accused others, generally older women, of consorting with the devil. The witchcraft hysteria in Salem, Massachusetts resulted from the strict Puritan code which aroused the girls interest in superstition and magic and caused strange behavior. The Salem witch trials were based on the Puritans and their God†¦show more content†¦This was the time when gossip and news were spread from one to another. (5) Children would accompany their parents twice a week to listen to Samuel Parris’ three-hour sermons. Parris would strictly discipline any child who wiggled, fell asleep, or showed any signs of impatience. â€Å"They routinely enforced their concept of moral discipline to unreasonable degrees.† (6) Christmas and Easter were not celebrated by Puritans because they believed that they were not truly religious and came from pagan ideas. They occasionally got holidays from school during the harvest time. Toys were forbidden in Salem, they were thought of as frivolous and time-wasting. Dolls were especially harmful because they were supposed to be used for witches to work magic. Any child caught playing with toys would be taken to Parris for a long â€Å"talking-to.† In the seventeenth century there was never respect for the privacy of any individual. The community as a whole was expected to bring any deviants to the courts’ attention. Each citizen was expected to report even members of his own family who deviated from the strict Puritan code. People were appointed to walk about every Sunday and take note of those backsliders who did not attend church services. (7) People were familiar with each other’s affairs and willing toShow MoreRelated salem witch trial Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pagessalem witch trial This is about witchcraft and is started like this: In the winter of 1691-92, several people in Salem Village, most of them young women, but eventually including a few men and boys, began behaving in a strange unusual manner†, with an affect which was interpreted as illness. The towns minister, Samuel Parris, whose daughter and niece were among those with this odd affect, sought to cure the perceived problem with prayer; others, including a doctor of physic who was calledRead MoreSalem Witch Trial Hysteria Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty people were put to death for witchcraft in Salem during the 1692 Salem Witch Trial Hysteria. In The Crucible, a woman, Elizabeth Proctor, gets accused of witchcraft by a young girl by the name Abigail Williams, who just so happens to be having an affair with Elizabeth’s husband, John. Once John finds out Abigail accused his wife, he starts trying to find proof that all of these young girls are pretending that they are being hurt by these older women, just so that they will be hanged. The officialsRead MoreEssay about Salem witch trials1931 Words   |  8 Pages Salem Witch Trials: Casting a spell on the people Today, the idea of seeing a witch is almost inconsequential. Our Halloween holiday marks a celebration in which many will adorn themselves with pointy black hats and long stringy hair, and most will embrace them as comical and festive. Even the contemporary witchcraft religious groups forming are being accepted with less criticism. More recently, the Blair Witch movie craze has brought more fascination than fear to these dark and magical figuresRead MoreEssay on The Theories of the Salem Witch Trials1135 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theories of the Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch trials and what caused them is very debatable. Some theories lead to Rye poisoning from bread to even people faking it. The most believable claim is that people were faking it. Everyone had a motive and they all just wanted to save themselves. It was a time when people were selfish and only cared for themselves. This time in Salem was a troubling time, making it seem likely that satan was active (Linder). The townsfolk are believed to haveRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials The witch trials of the late 1600s were full of controversy and uncertainty. The Puritan town of Salem was home to most of these trials, and became the center of much attention in 1692. More than a hundred innocent people were found guilty of practicing witchcraft during these times, and our American government forced over a dozen to pay with their lives. The main reasons why the witch trials occurred were conflicts dealing with politics, religion, family, economicsRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials, taking place between February 1692 and May 1693, arose from a period of mass hysteria regarding witchcraft. The puritanical society of New England emphasized a need for a Bible-based society, which caused a fear of the supernatural and gave rise to the false accusations of â€Å"witches.† With testimonies of witches rooted in the Old Testament, the idea of witchcraft eventually made its way into the superstitious and everyday Puritan life, and was fueled by the rejection of theRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Essay2008 Words   |  9 Pageswomen and men. The madness continued for over four months. The notorious witch trials of Salem, Massachusetts occurred from June through September. It is a brief, but turbulent period in history and the causes of the trials have long been a source of discussion among historians. Many try to explain or rationalize the bizarre happenings of the witch hunts and the causes that contributed to them. To understand the trials and how they came to be, we must first examine the ideals and views of the peopleRead MoreSalem Witch Trials Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pages1692 marked a major event in history in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. The Salem Witchcraft Trials still leaves this country with so many questions as to what happened in that small town. With all the documentation and accounts of the story, people are still wondering why 19 people died as a result of these trials. This paper will discuss the events leading up to the Salem Witch Trials and the events that took place during and after the trials, and the men and women who were killed or spent theRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesBefore 1692, the supernatural was a part of people’s everyday normal life. This is so as people strongly believed that Satan was present and active on earth. Men and women in Salem Village believed that all the misfortunes that befell them were the work of the devil. For example, when things like infant death, crop failures or friction among the congregation occurred, people were quick to blame the supernatural. This concept first emerged in Europe around the fifteenth century and then spread toRead More Salem Witch Trials Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesSalem Witch Trials The Salem Witch Trials was probably considered the darkest time for the New England Colony. This was a mass murder of women and a few men that were supposed witches. All of this started from two little girls and a bacteria in the bread that affected the brain. This all started on January 20,1692 when nine-year-old Elizabeth Parris and eleven-year-old Abigail Williams started to exhibit strange behavior. Blasphemous screaming, Seizures, Trance-like states and Mysterious

Institutional Theory in Business Marketing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Institutional Theory in Business Marketing. Answer: Introduction: Marketing management defines the organizational disciplines inside an organization. It focuses on the marketing orientation, technique and other methods, which are highly required for achieving organizational goals (Hutchinson et al. 2015). The study will discuss the marketing and management of Coca Cola Amatil in Australia. In issue 1, the study will provide a brief description of the organization and its industry. In issue 2, the study will analyze the 5Cs of the organization. Apart from that, the issue 3 of the study will describe the ways in which the organization collects information about their 5Cs. Based on the analysis; the study will develop potential target market, value proposition and positioning statement in issue 4. Furthermore, the study will also develop marketing tactics for the organization in terms of 7Ps of Marketing. Founded on 1904 with headquarter in New South Wales (NSW), Coca Cola Amatil (CCA) has expanded in most of the Asia-Pacific regions including New Zealand, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Samoa. CCA operates in beverage industry and is a public listed company with products ranging from non-alcoholic drinks to ready-to-eat fruit and vegetable items. A$5.12 billion was its revenue and A$79.9 million was its profit in the year 2014, which made it among the top five listed companies in Australia (Ccamatil.com 2017). The beverage industry of Australia can be analyzed through Porters Five Force: Factors Explanation Bargaining power of Supplier Low bargaining power due to plenty of suppliers Big market players are the key clients for suppliers Suppliers are neither differentiated or concentrated Bargaining power of Buyer High bargaining power from huge availability of soft-drinks Bargaining power tends to decreasewith increase of end consumer brand loyalty Market Competition Tremendous market competition with key players such as Coca Cola Amatil,Pepsico, Schweppes, Kirks, Nudie Foods Australia, Nestle Waters and Dr Pepper Snapple Group Threat from Substitute Local firms delivering new flavors of energy drinks such as juice, soda and drinks items Price offered by new firms are quite lower then big players Threat from New Entrants High threat from supermarket local brands such as Woolworths and Coles Relatively low barriers for new entries due to zero capital requirement and less consumer switching Table 1: Porter Five Force Analysis (Source: Externally 2017) Mission Statement and Value Statement The statement indicates that CCA tries to ensure satisfaction for its stakeholders, which would in turn help in earning happiness. CCA value statement is: We are open and straightforward We focus on present and future We create initiative and achieve the outcome According to Vanharanta, Chakrabarti and Wong (2014), marketing orientation comprises of customer orientation, competition orientation and inter-functional coordination.CCA offers soft-drinks with differentiated carbon and sugar content so that both health conscious and casual market segments are addressed. In this way it has able to create sustainable market position. Considering customer orientation, CCA has targeted age segment from 13 to 75, low to high income range, health conscious and even corporate sector consumers. Both suppliers and investors are its prime internal coordination stakeholders. Long-term relationship is kept with beverage suppliers and strong short-term relationship with Digital advertisement partners. The diversified product portfolio of CCA includes soft drinks, energy drinks, sports drinks, spring water, flavored milk, fruit juices, tea, coffee and ready-to-eat fruit and vegetable snacks. The Small Business Units (SBUs) of CCA are water, alcoholic beverage, non-alcoholic beverage, hot beverage and food. Most of the products are of high sugar and carbon content in beverage category and its water category is gaining rapid market share (Hingley, Angell and Campelo 2015). Role of Brand in Marketing Strategy According to Viio and Grnroos (2014), CCA offers wide range of items and most of those are good in quality, however the taste is quite similar to other alcoholic beverage brands. Therefore, CCA needs to classify its brand and increase brand loyalty through enhanced marketing strategy so that customer pool can be retained in future. Therefore, branding will help in customer retention, accelerated sales and earning revenue, which will eventually help in developing other business units. Coca Cola Amatil has wide range of non-alcoholic beverage drink products, which meets the various kinds of needs of the customers. Ardjouman and Asma (2015) opined that high quality of the beverage drinks has added to the organizational strength of Coca Cola Amatil. High brand reputation of Coca Cola Amatil attracts huge customers groups. Furthermore, wide distribution network and increasing global presence of Coca Cola Amatil has ultimately increased its overall sales volume. On the other hand, Coombes and Nicholson (2013) opined that Coca Cola Amatil has lack of health beverages, which limits its business success. The organization has huge opportunity towards diversifying its product line towards health beverages and food products. However, Coca Cola Amatil faces tough competition in the marker from the companies like Pepsico, Inc, Nestle, Lion Dairy and Drinks. Coca Cola Amatil serves the customers, who have high refreshing needs. The organization has targeted highly health conscious people. Moreover, it used low sugar level in their drink categories. While considering the typical behavior of the customers, it can be seen that most of the customers demand highly quality beverage drinks from Coca Cola Amatil. The customers mostly purchase the products of Coca Cola Amatil from either retail stores or grocery shops (Eng and Ozdemir 2014). However, the changing needs and preferences of the customers towards health drinks seem to be threats on the organization. Coca Cola Amatil has unique source of suppliers both from domestic as well as international market. Moreover, the organization always searches for qualified suppliers, who meet the highest quality standard. Therefore, such unique source of suppliers helps the organization in providing high quality beverage drinks in the market. Apart from that, the organization maintains effective relationship with the distributors for reaching the drinks into several retail, grocery, supermarkets, educational institutes, hotels, bars, corporate houses and others (Mller 2013). The current major competitors of Coca Cola Amatil are Pepsico, Inc, Nestle, Lion Dairy and Drinks. These organizations are also providing almost same quality drinks even in affordable price. However, there is moderate threat of new entrants in the beverage industry. New entrants face tough challenges in beating the competitive force of reputed organizations like Coca Cola Amatil, Nestle and others (Yang and Su 2014). According to Viio and Grnroos (2016), stable political condition of Australia and favorable government support facilitated Coca Cola Amatil in its business success. Reduced tariff rate and free trade agreement of Australia impose less legal constraints on the organization. On the other hand, Zhou et al. (2015) opined that increasing income of the people has increased their spending power, which enhances their ability to spend on beverage products. However, the customers are more likely to shift in health drink products, which can impose threat for the organization. Advanced digitalization and popularity of social media have actually enhanced the product promotion of Coca Cola Amatil. Collection of Information of Customers Coca Cola Amatil gathers huge information about the customers through effective market research. The organization use customer survey for gathering valuable information about the customers. Apart from that, Karjaluoto, Mustonen and Ulkuniemi (2015) opined that Coca Cola Amatil effectively uses social media for gathering information regarding the needs and preferences of the customers. On the other hand, the organization also uses product recommendation tool for understanding the current preferences of customers. Coca Cola Amatil effectively collect information about its competitors though applying market intelligence. The organization often visits and monitors the outlets of the competitors for gathering information about them. According to La Rocca and Snehota (2014), Coca Cola Amatil often collects information about the competitors from social media sites. From social media sites, the organization gets to know about various offerings, discounts and other valuable information about the competitors. On the other hand, Homburg, Jozi? and Kuehnl (2017) opined that the marketing managers of Coca Cola Amatil frequently attend business conferences. From such conferences, the organization receives varieties of valuable information about the competitors. Coca Cola Amatil always assesses the changing context of the business through observing the trends in the market. Zhou et al. (2015) pointed out that the organization uses social media and customer survey for assessing changing preferences of the customers. Apart from that, the organization also has market intelligence software towards assessing the market trends in the changing business context. Furthermore, the organization also uses business conferences for identifying the changing business process and trends of competitor organizations. Collection of Information about Role of Collaborators Coca Cola Amatil try to search for effective wholesalers in the market over the internet. Coca Cola research on the B2B supplier directory for getting efficient and unique source of suppliers. From such directory, the organization also gets effective information about the role of these suppliers in business process (La Rocca and Snehota 2014). Potential STP of Coca Cola Amatil Segmentation Geographical: Both domestic as well as international customers Demographic Age: Mostly adult, teenage and old people will be the potential customers Gender: Both male as well as female customers Income: Customer mostly having secure source of income will be the potential customers Education: Mostly educated persons will be chosen as customers Household: The organization will choose customers beyond Occupation: College students, business person, corporate officials, athletics Psychographic Attitude: People having positive attitude towards their life Lifestyle: People having sophisticated lifestyle Personality: People having positive personality Brand Preference: People having high level of brand preference Price Sensitivity: People having moderate price sensitivity Conservative/Liberal: People having liberal mind to taste new beverage drinks Behavioral Purchase History: People having long history of purchasing beverage drinks Store Preferences: People, who are more likely to purchase from retail stores and departmental stores Information Source: People seeking information over internet Benefit sought: People seeking some extra benefits from the products Target The organization will target all teenagers, adults and old people The targeted customers will have secure source of income College students, business person, corporate officials, athletics will the target for the organization People mostly having positive personality and positive attitude towards the life will be the target for the organization The organization will also target the people having high brand preferences Positioning High quality of the products Real Cola Taste Revitalizing Ingredients Extremely Refreshing Thirst Quenching Best Soft Drink Affordable Price Table: Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning of Coca Cola Amatil (Source:) Value Proposition The quality of the products of Coca Cola Amatil will always be having high standard for meeting the needs of customers having high brand preferences. The beverage drinks of the organization will have real cola taste, refreshing quality and revitalizing ingredients, which will meet the refreshing needs of the athletics and other hard working people. The soft drinks of the organization will also will also meet the thirst quenching needs of the customers. Apart from that, Coca Cola Amatil will provide its beverage drinks to the customers at affordable prices. It will actually satisfy the price sensitive customers. Moreover, all these qualities of Coca Cola Amatil will make it able to stand out unique in the market over its rival organizations. Positioning Statement of Coca Cola Amatil To Health conscious people having needs of refreshing beverage drinks and energy drinks Coca Cola Amatil is the Highly refreshing beverage drink company That Can give customers a refreshing feelings through their thirst quenching soft drinks and energy drinks That is because High refreshing quality Revitalizing ingredients Thirst Quenching Quality Table 2: Positioning Statement of Coca Cola Amatil for Target Market (Source: Created by Author) Marketing Mix Coca Cola Amatil will provide non-alcoholic beverages like Coca Cola, diet coke, Coca Cola Vanilla, Fanta, Deep Spring. Apart from that, the organization will also incorporate health drinks for meeting the specific needs of athletic customers. Furthermore, the organization will also offer pure water for meeting the thirst quenching needs of the customers. Moreover, the drinks of the organization will be produced by standard quality water. Apart from that, the hot beverages like coffee and tea will meet the refreshing needs of the customers. The organization will always use affordable price for satisfying the price sensitive customers. Moreover, initially, the organization will use price penetration strategy by keeping the price low towards gaining high market share. However, gradually, it will use competitive pricing strategy towards for gaining increasing profit. The beverage drinks of Coca Cola Amatil will be available in retail stores, departmental stores and grocery shops. The products will also be available in the supermarkets. It will enhance the convenience of the customers towards accessing the products. Coca Cola Amatil will use various advertising and promotional strategies towards increasing the customer demands. Moreover, the organization will use print media and digital media towards reaching large volume of customers. Apart from that, the organization will also use social media channels for encouraging the new generation customers for purchasing the soft drinks. Coca Cola Amatil will high talented and skilled employees, who can add their unique ideas towards creating differentiation in the product lines. Apart from that, the organization will also hire talented sales person towards increasing sales volume of the products. The organization will use advanced technology in the production of non-alcoholic beverage drinks. Moreover, the advanced technology of the organization will help in effectively processing the beverage drinks. Apart from that, the organization will use social media channels in their marketing process towards enhancing the customer demand in the market. The well trained employees of Coca Cola Amatil will ensure production of high quality beverage drinking water. Apart from that, great website of the organization provides adequate product information to the organization. Furthermore, the different sizes of bottles of beverage drinks serve different types of needs of the customers. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that Coca Cola Amatil is highly popular for its high quality beverage drinks. The brand reputation of the organization attracts huge customer volume. The organization serves the customers, who have the needs of soft drinks and energy drinks. Coca Cola Amatil collects customer information through customer survey and social media channels. On the other hand, the organization collects competitor information from business conferences and the outlets of the competitors. The organization should target people, who have highly refreshing needs. Moreover, the revitalizing and refreshing ingredients of the beverage drink products will satisfy the needs and preferences of the customers. Coca Cola Amatil should provide non-alcoholic beverage, water and hot beverage to the customers at affordable prices. Reference List Ardjouman, D. and Asma, B., 2015. Marketing Management Strategies Affecting Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Cote d'Ivoire.International Journal of Business and Social Science,6(4). Banterle, A., Cavaliere, A., Carraresi, L. and Stranieri, S., 2014. Food SMEs face increasing competition in the EU market: Marketing management capability is a tool for becoming a price maker.Agribusiness,30(2), pp.113-131. Ccamatil.com. 2017.Coca-Cola Amatil Australia, New Zealand South Pacific. [online] Available at: https://www.ccamatil.com/ [Accessed 12 Oct. 2017]. Coombes, P.H. and Nicholson, J.D., 2013. Business models and their relationship with marketing: A systematic literature review.Industrial Marketing Management,42(5), pp.656-664. Eng, T.Y. and Ozdemir, S., 2014. International RD partnerships and intrafirm RDmarketingproduction integration of manufacturing firms in emerging economies.Industrial Marketing Management,43(1), pp.32-44. Externally, S. 2017.Acapmag.com.au. [online] ACAPMAg - The voice of downstream petroleum. Available at: https://acapmag.com.au/home/2015/05/coca-cola-amatil-ltd-an-in-depth-analysis/ [Accessed 12 Oct. 2017]. Hingley, M., Angell, R. and Campelo, A., 2015. Introduction to the special issue on power in business, customer, and market relationships.Industrial Marketing Management,48, pp.101-102. Homburg, C., Jozi?, D. and Kuehnl, C., 2017. Customer experience management: toward implementing an evolving marketing concept.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(3), pp.377-401. Hutchinson, K., Donnell, L.V., Gilmore, A. and Reid, A., 2015. Loyalty card adoption in SME retailers: the impact upon marketing management.European Journal of Marketing,49(3/4), pp.467-490. Karjaluoto, H., Mustonen, N. and Ulkuniemi, P., 2015. The role of digital channels in industrial marketing communications.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,30(6), pp.703-710. Kerr, G. and Patti, C., 2015. Strategic IMC: From abstract concept to marketing management tool.Journal of Marketing Communications,21(5), pp.317-339. La Rocca, A. and Snehota, I., 2014. Relating in business networks: Innovation in practice.Industrial Marketing Management,43(3), pp.441-447. Mialon, M., Swinburn, B., Allender, S. and Sacks, G., 2016. Systematic examination of publicly-available information reveals the diverse and extensive corporate political activity of the food industry in Australia.BMC public health,16(1), p.283. Mller, K., 2013. Theory map of business marketing: Relationships and networks perspectives.Industrial Marketing Management,42(3), pp.324-335. Vanharanta, M., Chakrabarti, R. and Wong, P., 2014. Institutional life of intuitive insights: Legitimacy of virtuoso intuitive marketing management.Industrial Marketing Management,43(5), pp.760-768. Viio, P. and Grnroos, C., 2014. Value-based sales process adaptation in business relationships.Industrial Marketing Management,43(6), pp.1085-1095. Viio, P. and Grnroos, C., 2016. How buyerseller relationship orientation affects adaptation of sales processes to the buying process.Industrial Marketing Management,52, pp.37-46. Weaven, S., Grace, D., Dant, R. and R. Brown, J., 2014. Value creation through knowledge management in franchising: a multi-level conceptual framework.Journal of Services Marketing,28(2), pp.97-104. Yang, Z. and Su, C., 2014. Institutional theory in business marketing: A conceptual framework and future directions.Industrial Marketing Management,43(5), pp.721-725. Zhou, Y., Zhang, X., Zhuang, G. and Zhou, N., 2015. Relational norms and collaborative activities: roles in reducing opportunism in marketing channels.Industrial Marketing Management,46, pp.147-159.

Research Article Critique Essays - Atlantic Hurricane Season

Research Article Critique George Hinton SOC 333: Research Methods Risa Garelick 5/25/17 In 2011, examining the matters of homeland security and emergency management, authors B.R. Lindsey and T. Settles wrote an article titled Crime in Post-Katrina Houston: The Effects of Moral Panic on Emergency Planning. Nearly 12 years ago in 2005, Hurricane Katrina killed thousands of people and destroyed all in its path as it ripped through the Gulf Coast States from Morgan City, Louisiana, to Biloxi, Mississippi, to Mobile, Alabama (www.foxnews.com). Among the death toll, the Louisiana Department of Health reported 1,464 deaths from Katrina as the majority of deaths came from the New Orleans Metropolitan area (www.foxnews.com). The Mississippi Department of Health reported 238 deaths and the states of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida suffered fatalities on a smaller scale; approximately 770,000 were displaced (www.foxnews.com). The United States reeled from its most devastating urban disaster mericans will long remember 2005 as the year Hurricane Katrina ripped through the Gulf Coast states, killing thousands and destroying everything in its path. Two weeks after Hurricane Katrina and the levee failures on the Mississippi Delta, as the United States was reeling from its most devastating urban disaster in recent history recent history (Herring, C. and Rosenman, E. 2016). Millions of people from New Orleans, Louisiana who were displaced looked to Houston, Texas for shelter. In their article, Settles and Lindsey sought to uncover the factual truths concerning the issues relative to the displaced Katrina people, also referred to as evacuees. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed by the two as they implemented mixed method procedure. Initially, the city of Houston, by and large, seemed to welcome those from Katrina with open arms with donations of food, water, shelter, clothing and other necessities in effort to make the evacuees feel as if they found home in their new city. However, when the crime rate rose in Houston, it was attributed to these evacuees. Hence, the people of Houston wanted the citizens of Katrina to leave. Police reports were obtained for use as quantitative data. Comparisons were made concerning the criminal activity before the Katrina evacuees arrived in Houston and after they had been there. Data reflected crimes had become more of a problem since the evacuees arrived. The major crimes included in the reports were "murder, rape, aggravated assault, burglary, burglary of motor vehicles, auto theft, and robbery" (Settles, T. Despite the fact major criminal activity was already occurring in Houston, the Katrina evacuees were blamed for the increase of crime in town. Since the mixed method approach was implemented here, qualitative data was also used in effort to obtain information which would reflect more than percentages and numbers. Mass confusion arose from the matter of who bore responsibility for the evacuees' housing reimbursement and safety of the community they were to live. By way of qualitative research, interviews were conducted with the New Orleans people and media. After cross-examinations occurred, the researchers determined the accounts given did not match each other. The mixed method data approach thus came into play. Research revealed that billions of dollars had been issued by the government to aid the Hurricane Katrina victims, but the victims received none of that money. FEMA, otherwise known as the Federal Emergency Management Agency, was supposed to reimburse the city for the market value of rented apartments. While FEMA paid the money, the hands of the evacuees were tied in terms of them trying to find apartments within the limited range specified; residents could not exceed the value nor could they afford to cover the costs out of pocket. Thus, they had to search for residence in lower income communities with higher crime volume. FEMA neglected to disclose information concerning the evacuees who rented these apartments, and they also failed to complete searches of local, state and national databases to see whether or not any evacuees were wanted for crimes committed back in Louisiana. The processed data came from information pre and post Katrina. The aim of the hypothesis was to identify exactly what occurred pre and post Katrina in Houston to see whether or not the criminal activity stemmed from the natives of Katrina. The qualitative research entailed interviews of Katrina evacuees by the researchers; over 450 newspaper articles were also reexamined. After all was said and done in terms of the research conducted, the documentation and the numbers did not match. By way of the quantitative data approach, researchers discovered crime did increase when Katrina evacuees moved to Houston. However, the increase was not substantial enough to prove it was the direct result of the evacuees being